Sunni Shia Conflict Essay - 857 Words

Saudi Arabia and Iran Saudi Arabia considers itself to be the Protector of Islam as they contain Mecca and Medina as well as oversee the Hajj. The Sunnis are the dominate form of Islam in Saudi and its main branch is called Wahhabism. It is a very strict form of Islam that is based on the literal interpretation of the Qur’an and allows for no other versions of Islam, like Shiism (StevenAU 2004). Iran has long been defined as the central power of Shiism especially following the 1979 Islamic revolution. Both nations are capable of polarizing the Middle East. The Saudis are allied with other Gulf monarchies, Jordan, parts of Northern Africa, and Morocco under Sunni guidance. Iran is connected to Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and involved with groups†¦show more content†¦The Shia minorities in Saudi Arabia are seeking equal rights and representation within their governments. In Saudi Arabia the oppressive tactics against the Shia takes the form of exclusion from jobs, lack of Shia places of worship, and a ban on their holy days like Ashura. In some cases the Wahhabi Sunni harass Shias making the pilgrimage to Mecca, which is a required act for all able Muslims (Jaffar 2013). The Saudi Senior Ulema Council, the country’s religious council, has no Shia representation. This council passes laws that uphold only Sunni authority exacerbating the sense of discrimination Shia feel. The schools teach both Shia and Sunni but the information about the Shia is derogatory and in some cases they are labeled as rawafidh, or rejectionist, which is a very insulting term to Muslims (Wehrey 2013). The Saudi monarchy has used anti-Shia tactics as a way to keep its Sunni clerics happy as well as shift blame for unpopular actions. These terms and tactics are tied to lingering suspicions dating back to the Iranian Revolution of 1979. That Iran is possibly seeking to cause such a revolt in Saudi Arabia and has agents contributing to the protests occurring within Shia dominated regions (Wehrey 2 013). Sunnis living in Iran are also feeling the effects of discrimination. They have been prohibited from celebrating Islamic holy days inside mosques in Tehran. SunnisShow MoreRelatedThe Sunni Shia Conflict Essay1341 Words   |  6 PagesSunni Shia Conflict Syria is currently all over the news regarding what many have to come to see as a civil war. A term like civil war needs to identify the players and the reasons for the war. In this case the players are being identified as pro government or antigovernment with a Sunni or Shia overtone. Sunni and Shia are the two major sects of Islam and both have a historical based conflict going back to the death of the Prophet Muhammad and how Muslims should be governed. This conflict has causedRead MoreThe Conflict Between Shias And Sunni959 Words   |  4 Pagesdivided into two groups, Shia, Sunni and their view of the religion Islam. The blood shadings between Shia and Sunni in the history of Islamic interfaith differences have affected future generations, since the death of Prophet Muhammad in A.D. 632, which have affected educational and social opportunity for future generations. So, dose believing in will of G-d bring peace or death, hate or hormone? What is the mission of Islamic groups wh o call themselves Sunnis and Shias, to bring peace to the worldRead MoreThe Sunni Shia And Arab Israeli Conflict1028 Words   |  5 PagesLeslie Orozco Professor Petrovic International Conflict 17 May 2016 The Sunni-Shia and Arab-Israeli Conflict Throughout the course, various religious and ethnic violent conflicts have been discussed. Two of the most important and most present in current times is the Sunni-Shia and the Arab-Israeli conflicts. Although both conflicts are still very relevant today, the structural and triggering conditions that contributed to the conflict began many years ago and since then have escalated to the pointRead MoreThe Longest Running Fued is the Sunni and Shia Conflict1698 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sunni and Shia conflict is currently the longest running feud in the world. Both groups possess an extreme hatred for one another. Over the years, these two groups have openly expressed their hatred with one another through violent killings. This split between the Shia and Sunni originates all the way back in the 7th century. Their difference was based on political differences. As a part of my essay I will explain the difference and origins of the split between the Shi’a and Sunni and also coverRe ad MoreSaudi Arabia Versus Iran And The Ongoing Sunni Shia Conflict2147 Words   |  9 Pagesthe Ongoing Sunni-Shia Conflict†. The paper will delve into the historical split between the Sunni and the Shia, as well as the relationship between Saudi Arabia and Iran given the fact that Saudi Arabia is a predominantly Sunni state while Iran is a predominantly Shia state. Evidently, this ancient divide is contributing in one way or the other to the resurgence of conflict in Muslim countries especially in the Middle East. For instance, it is this struggle between the Sunni and the Shia that feedsRead MoreDifferences Between Sunni And Shia886 Words   |  4 Pagesthemselves between two subgroups: Sunni and Shia, between the two major denominations of the religion, there have been wars, rivalries, and revolutions due to the cultural difference in beliefs. There are more similarities than differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims. However, the differences are what create tension between the two types of Muslims and tensions between countries. These tensions can also be directly tied to the meanings of Sunni and Shia. In Arabic, Sunni means â€Å"one who follows the traditionsRead MoreThe Conflict Between The Between Civilizational Blocks, Muslim And Muslims1141 Words   |  5 PagesIslam must be done. Muslims are split into two mains branches: Sunnis and Shia. The origin of this division was a dispute right after the death of the Islam’s founder, Prophet Muhammad, in 932. The subject of the dispute is â€Å"Who should lead the Muslim community?†. In the whole world there is a broad majority of Sunnis, who represents between 80 to 90% of Muslims and Shia Muslims are representing only 10% of the Muslim population. Shia Muslims and Sunnits Muslims share many fundamental practices andRead MoreIn Pakistan, Which Aspires To Be A Islamic State, Sectarian1475 Words   |  6 PagesIn Pakistan, which aspires to be a Islamic state , sectarian conflict is part of, and interacts with, broader issues concerning the place of Islam in public life. There are sectarian identities which diversify each group and say who belongs to what sect , for example the believing of attending a mosque or madarasa. Islamization, or the introduction of Islamic norms and institutions through government policy or decree, is another factor which has often provoked and defined sectarian controversiesRead MoreIslam and Great Sectarian Divide1098 Words   |  5 Pagesfaiths by Shias and Sunnis is truly staggering.  This is specially so when one considers the tiny differences that define and divide them. Since the earliest days of Islam in the 7th century when the schism first tore the young Muslim community apart, the two sects have been warring incessantly. Untold thousands have been killed over the years, and this internecine war continues to devastate communities and nations. I am not qualified to go into the rights and wrongs of this old conflict. HoweverRead MoreSunni-Shiite Conflict1583 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sunni and Shiite branches of Islam have been feuding for hundreds of years dating back to the beginning of the Islamic religion. The deity or god of the Sunnis is Allah. The Sunni branch of Islam is the larger of the two branches with over 80% of the Muslim population. The Sunni are the majority in most of the countries that have Islamic followers. There are a few different translations of what Sunna stands for, one of which is â€Å"Habitual Practice.† The differences between the two branches can

Channel Conflict When Adding Internet Channel on Existing...

Channel conflict when adding the Internet as a complementary marketing channel to an existing marketing channel system. A case study of a Greek mobile telecom retailer. by GEORGIA EFROSSINIDOU carried out in conjunction with WIND Hellas Telecommunications, Leicester October 2009 Project submitted to Leicester University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration. CONTENTS Page Acknowledgments Executive Summary Introduction Internet as a marketing channel Multi-channel system Research problem Research question one Research question two Research question three Research question four Delimitations Literature review Benefits from multi-channel retailing Challenges of a†¦show more content†¦Resistance by both channel members has been when bringing up the subjects of dissimilar products’ pricing; of disproportionate allocation of budget across channels as well inconsistent rewarding systems between channels’ staff. Illogical and unfair pricing structures and unsynchronized cross channel marketing are examples of conflict impacts. Moreover, we traced that coalitions consider conflict as functional and that it can work as a â€Å"stimulant† in the sense that it can be a vehicle for organizational growth and creativity. Proposed diminution of any conflicts was raised in the study such as improved communication, channelsà ¢â‚¬â„¢ integration like cross-promotional strategies and compatibility between operations. Finally, some areas have been identified for future research consideration. page -4- 1 Introduction 1.1 Internet as a marketing channel When e-commerce first boomed in mid 90’s, retailers were warned that the age of connectivity (â€Å"clicks†) would put traditional retailers (â€Å"bricks and mortar†) out of business (Berman Evans, 2007:9). Store based retailers faced the challenge of adapting to a new set of competitive rules made necessary by the advent of online sales (Bendoly et al, 2005). Through the year the retail market became even more competitive and complex. Retailers faced aShow MoreRelatedDesigning and Managing Integrated Marketing Channels3538 Words   |  15 PagesChapter 15: Designing and Managing Integrated Marketing Channels GENERAL CONCEPT QUESTIONS Multiple Choice 1. Intermediaries who buy, take title to, and resell the merchandise are called ________. 2. Companies that search for customers and may negotiate on the producer’s behalf but do not take title to the goods are called ________. 3. Transportation companies, independent warehouses, banks, and advertising agencies that assist in the distribution process but neither take title to goods norRead MoreDesigning and Managing Integrated Marketing Channels3547 Words   |  15 PagesChapter 15: Designing and Managing Integrated Marketing Channels GENERAL CONCEPT QUESTIONS Multiple Choice 1. Intermediaries who buy, take title to, and resell the merchandise are called ________. 2. Companies that search for customers and may negotiate on the producer’s behalf but do not take title to the goods are called ________. 3. Transportation companies, independent warehouses, banks, and advertising agencies that assist in the distribution process but neither take titleRead MoreImpact of Direct/Online Selling on Traditional Channels3291 Words   |  14 Pagesinformation technology. Internet has brought revolution in every sphere of life. It has changed the way of our thinking, working and living. Last decade of 20th century witnessed major market players leaping to cash the dividends of this breakthrough. All major companies of the world are now utilizing the internet as an alternative channel for promotion and selling of their products. This paper critically analyzes the impacts of this transformation on the traditional channels and customers therebyRead MoreSlotting Fee2177 Words   |  9 Pagessociety. (Jobber, 2007). ANSWER TO QUESTION ONE Ethical dilemma has increased in goods as DISTRIBUTION is now seen as a means of competitive advantage because most large retailers seek to expand its operations. Slotting allowance is the payment made by manufacturers to RETAILERS in other to secure a space on store shelves Andrews, 2000 noted that it is very observable to see some items like Kellogg’s, Colgate, Doritos placed at the top eye level in a supermarket or at end of aisle. ThisRead MoreStudy Quiz for Chapter 15 Kotler8303 Words   |  34 PagesChapter 15: Designing and Managing Value Networks and Channels GENERAL CONCEPT QUESTIONS Multiple Choice 1. Intermediaries who buy, take title to, and resell the merchandise are called ________. a. retailers b. facilitators c. marketers d. agents e. merchants Answer: e Page: 468 Level of difficulty: Easy 2. Companies that search for customers and may negotiate on the producer’s behalf but do not take title to the goods are called ________Read MoreNike Marketing Plan Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pagescompany was renamed to Nike, the name adopted from the Greek goddess of victory. At present, Nike owns facilities in Oregon, Tennessee, North Carolina and The Netherlands. It also operates leased facilities for 15 Nike-towns, over 80 Nike Factory Stores, 2 NIKEgoddess boutiques and over 100 sales and administrative offices. There are approximately 23,000 people employed by the Nike, worldwide. The companys first year sales did not cross $ 10,000 however, its present revenues exceed well over $ 10Read MoreStihl Case Study Essay2065 Words   |  9 Pages1. Was the decision to avoid the home-center channel a good one? Explain. What are the benefits of sticking with it? What are the concerns? The decision to avoid the home-center channel was an appropriate decision for Stihl Incorporated (Stihl). Stihl’s product line consists of a high quality line of outdoor power equipment: chain saws, edgers, string trimmers, brush cutters, blowers, vacuums, mulchers, and sprayers. In order to differentiate Stihl’s high quality products from its competitorsRead MoreDistribution Management7515 Words   |  31 PagesDISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT       CH1: MARKETING CHANNEL CONCEPTS    Growing Importance of Marketing Channels:    1. Explosion of IT and E-commerce 2. Harder to gain sustainable competitive advantage through other P’s 3. Growing power of distributors (esp. retailers who act as gatekeepers of consumer markets – agents of consumers not producers) 4. Need to reduce distribution costs    MC Definition:    The external contactual organisation that management operates to achieve its distributionRead Moremkt311 tb chap1517319 Words   |  70 PagesTrue  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  False    2. Retailers who advertise that they sell at wholesale prices are wholesalers.      True  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  False    3. Today, large retailers often dictate to their suppliers what should be made.      True  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  False    4. Many retailers and some manufacturers are exploring a multichannel strategy in which they sell in more than one channel, for example, the Internet and stores.      True  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  False    5. Manufacturers might use selective distribution by granting exclusive geographic territories to a few retailers so noRead MoreSwiss Army Case Study10155 Words   |  41 PagesSwiss Army is an illustration of a company that has developed by basing its product expansion on established brand equity. The brand has its roots in its history of knife development from the 1800s. The knife became wildly accepted in the United States when soldiers brought the knives back at the end of World War II. Swiss Army has a strong worldwide reputation built on quality and reliability with 92% brand awareness in the United States alone. Leveraging the success of the knife, the company expanded

Nursing Reflective Essay for Eastern Mediterranean Regional

Question: Discuss about theNursing Reflective Essay for Eastern Mediterranean Regional. Answer: Description The reflective essay is based on an episode that occurred the current week in the clinical practice scenario that I was directly involved in. I was working in my morning shift in the elderly patient section of the clinic along with my mentor. We were doing out a routine check when an elderly patient was rushed there since she had fallen from a flight of stairs. She was an 80-year-old lady who had cracked her head and lost a significant amount of blood. She seemed conscious but disoriented. Her daughter had accompanied her and she seemed nervous for her mother. The doctor and I quickly attended to her so that her condition could be stabilized. I checked her pulse rate, blood pressure rate and was by her side the entire time. Within five minutes the clinical staff got the equipment ready to stitch the wound on her forehead and it was done by the doctor. Then a full body x-ray was conducted which revealed that she had not injured herself elsewhere (Ambrose, Paul Hausdorff, 2013). Reflection That clinical situation was very intense at that point in time. Since the patient was an elderly lady, the criticality was higher (Al-Faisal, 2006). When I first saw her in her bloody clothes, I got anxious at first since it reminded me of a similar incident that had occurred at my home. But soon I regained my composure and understood the vitality of my role as a nurse in the clinical case. I constantly spoke to the patient so that she would not lose her consciousness while doing the health checks. I tried to make her feel comfortable and reduce her nervousness. Since when she was rushed to the clinic, there were few patients in the ward, I could give her all the necessary attention. After the process was followed she stabilized and her daughter thanked the doctor and me for our instant help. Analysis Even though the clinical environment was stressful, the positive thing was my proactive attitude towards the situation. I established a polite conversation with her to understand the reasons for her fall. She said that she had forgotten to wear her glasses for which she missed a couple of steps (El-Khoury et al., 2013). Since older people fall quite frequently, this experience helped me to identify a few creative interventions strategies like enhancing their awareness about the first-aid application, exercising techniques to balance and reduce consequences of fall, etc. This situation was tensing but I have seen many instances where the conditions of patients are much more severe. Evaluation The nursing situation encourages me to enhance my proactive nature while dealing with patients. Being politely proactive is a necessity in the healthcare situation since it releases the tension of the involved parties i.e. patient and healthcare staff (Hawley-Hague et al., 2014). If again I would face a similar situation, I would try to conduct the overall health assessments to identify underlying illness of the patient at a better speed. I would properly review the prescribed medication so that the fall risk can be minimized. The nursing event has taught me a lot of skills that I need to sharpen in future. References Ambrose, A. F., Paul, G., Hausdorff, J. M. (2013). Risk factors for falls among older adults: a review of the literature. Maturitas, 75(1), 51-61. Al-Faisal, W. (2006). Falls Prevention for Older Persons. Eastern Mediterranean Regional Review online at www. who. int/ageing/projects/EMRO. pdf. El-Khoury, F., Cassou, B., Charles, M. A., Dargent-Molina, P. (2013). The effect of fall prevention exercise programmes on fall induced injuries in community dwelling older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMj, 347, f6234. Hawley-Hague, H., Boulton, E., Hall, A., Pfeiffer, K., Todd, C. (2014). Older adults perceptions of technologies aimed at falls prevention, detection or monitoring: a systematic review. International journal of medical informatics, 83(6), 416-426.

On a mission to Rome in 151011 he was appalled b Essay Example For Students

On a mission to Rome in 151011 he was appalled b Essay aba y the corruptionhe found there. Money was greatly needed at the time for the rebuilding ofSt. Peters, and papal emissaries sought everywhere to raise funds by thesale of indulgences. The system was grossly abused, and Luthersindignation at the shameless traffic, carried on in particular by theDominican Johann Tetzel, became irrepressible. As professor of biblicalexegesis at Wittenberg (151246), he began to preach the doctrine ofsalvation by faith rather than works; and on 31 October 1517 drew up alist of 95 theses on indulgences denying the pope any right to forgivesins, and nailed them on the church door at Wittenberg. Tetzel retreatedfrom Saxony to Frankfurt-an-der-Oder, where he published a set of counter-theses and burnt Luthers. The Wittenberg students retaliated by burningTetzels, and in 1518 Luther was joined in his views by Melanchthon.

The Western Front First World War

Introduction The 20th century was characterized by major military confrontations between nations. The first significant military conflict during this century was the First World War. This war, which took place between 1914 and 1918, was different from previous wars in that it involved almost all nations in the world. The two main sides in the war carried out unrestricted attacks on each other in various fronts.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Western Front: First World War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Australian military was heavily involved in the various battles of the First World War. Due to its close relationship with Britain, Australia was fighting on the side of the British led Triple Entente against the German led Triple Alliance. One of the fiercest battles carried out by the Australian Army was on the Western Front against German positions at the village of Pozieres. This Battle for Pozieres attracted great interest from contemporary observers and WWI historians. This paper will review different accounts of the battle in order to highlight the similarities and differences between the primary accounts by contemporary observers of the war and the secondary accounts given by historians. Similarities A common assessment of the Battle of Pozieres is that the Australians were facing a formidable enemy in the form of the Germans. The firsthand and secondary accounts of the battle recognize the military might of the German forces. Before engaging the Germans in the Western Front, the Australians had carried out successful military operations in Egypt. These campaigns had given the Australian soldiers moral and experience. However, the top commanders admitted that the Germans were a different enemy. Blair notes that the Australians were aware that they were engaging a competent enemy who was capable of waging a serious scientific war.1 Firsthand accounts of the war reveal that t he German army was not only well armed but also very strategic. The Germans were able to defend their positions and supply fresh troops to counter the Australian attacks.2 The various records acknowledge that the Germans were a skilful and deadly opponent who made use of great defensive belts of barbed wire, batteries of machine guns, and incredible concentrations of artillery and shell fire.3 There is a similarity in the assessment that the Australian forces focussed on attacking the German trenches and were successful in their efforts. Trench warfare was one of the techniques used by the Germans to defend their positions. All accounts of the Battle for Pozieres acknowledge the extensive use of the trench system by the Germans.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Contemporary observers and historians note that the Germans trench system was very effective in maintaining defensive positions even when under intense attacks. A primary objective in the battle was therefore to destroy or take over the trenches. The Australian War correspondent reveals that after intense attacks against the Germans, the Australian forces were able to take over a small portion of the German trench.4 The Australians concentrated their attacks on the trenches and by the end of the battle most of the trenches had been destroyed by artillery fire.5 Accounts of the carnage wrecked by heavy German machines during the battle are consistent. The German troops made use of light and heavy weaponry to stop the Australian forces from advancing. First hand accounts state that German shells were bursting in one continuous and constant line across certain positions.6 This made it impossible for Australians to advance without incurring significant casualties. All accounts make note of the devastating effects of the 5.9 inch German howitzer. These machines were used to carry out ferocious bombardments agains t Australian positions.7 The massive shells fired exploded leaving many soldiers shell shocked and pulverizing others. Differences A significant difference in the accounts is with regard to the reaction of soldiers in the face of heavy attacks by the Germans. The first account presented in the newspaper reports by war correspondents declared that the Australian solders were fearless and unnerved by the war. In one report by Bean, who viewed the battle from the front, states that the Australian soldiers walked through paths that were under shellfire exactly as if they were going home for tea.8 The report praises the bravery of the soldiers who appeared to be indifferent to the heavy shelling being carried out by the Germans. This record of confidence by the Australian soldiers in the face of aggressive attacks by the Germans is disputed. Historians record that the first experience of war on the Western Front was unnerving to many Australian soldiers who were devastated by the amount of heavy fire from the Germans. Blair documents that the German bombardment of Australia troops had an unhinging effect on the infantry.9 According to this account, many Australian soldiers lost their nerves in the face of the frightful bombardments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Western Front: First World War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are reports of Australian solders being so dazed by the attacks that they were incapable of working or fighting. Charlton documents that many soldiers experienced significant anxiety and tension in the battlefield.10 Many of them crept together for protection instead of maintaining uniform space between them as they had been instructed. From these records, it is clear that the courageous conduct of soldiers documented in first accounts was not the norm during the battle. While the first accounts by the war correspondents viewed the Battle for Pozieres as a succe ss for the AIF, Historians regard the battle as a catastrophic failure for the Australians. Contemporary observers emphasize on the gains made by the Australians. Every trench position taken over from the Germans is viewed as a victory. The advances made by the troops on the battlefield are regarded as victories for the Australians. Reports by war correspondents documented that many German troops on the frontline were being killed or captured by Australian soldiers.11 This accounts failed to consider the massive casualties being suffered by the Australians. Historians reveal that over 50% of the Australian troops were killed in the Battle of Pozieres.12 Such a high casualty rate leads the historians to regard this battle as a failure for the Australians. The assessment of the level of efficiency demonstrated by the Australians differs. Firsthand observers commend the actions of the soldiers and their officers. The effectiveness of the tactics used by the Australians is highlighted. The ability of the soldiers to overrun German positions by attacking in waves is commended by the war reporter.13 Positive assessments are given of the Australian’s moves to form flanks from which to attack the Germans. However, historians give a negative review of the efficiency of the Australian army. According to the historians, the Australians did not engage in careful preparations before the attack. Instead, the Australian Army was only concerned with achieving its objectives of seizing Pozieres from the Germans. Due to the poor planning, Australians were subjected to heavy losses by the disciplined German troops. The soldiers did not take heed of German strategies to prevent unnecessary loses.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Charlton reports that the German’s had a policy of engaging in vigorous counter-attacks after an assault from the Australians.14 Some of the counter-attacks carried out at Pozieres were serious and they led to great casualties among the Australians. The willingness of the soldiers to continue waging war is also disputed by the various accounts. According to firsthand accounts, there was a great desire by the Australian troops to compete their mission. Even under the heavy bombardment, the soldiers did not wish to withdraw from their lines. The Australian War correspondent, Bean, documented that during the entire fighting around Pozieres, not a single soldier deserted his post.15 Instead, soldiers were anxious to get to the battle front and carry out offensive action against the Germans. These accounts by the contemporary observers differ significantly from those of subsequent historians. Contrary to the reports that soldiers were reluctant to get out of battle, historians rec ord that many soldiers cherished the opportunity of a withdrawal. The men were desperate to leave Pozieres and they expressed huge relief when they were asked to retreat or when other troops came to relieve them.16 Discussion and Conclusion The Battle of Pozieres ended with victory for the Australians as they were able to secure good positions in the North and East of Pozieres. However, the victory came at a huge cost for the Australians and as such; historians consider it a major military failure for the Australians. However, this paper has shown that the assessment of the performance of Australians during the battle is not consistent. A number of plausible explanations can be offered for the significant differences in the assessment of Australian performance between contemporary observers and historians. The reports given by the firsthand observers were being read by the general population as the war took place. Instead of strict unbiased reporting, the observers sought to east th e fears and worries of the Australian population. These accounts therefore concealed some of the facts about the war and focused on extolling the virtues of the nation’s soldiers. Another reason for the difference in assessment is that the historians had the benefit of reviewing many accounts of the battle. From this analysis, a more complete picture of the battle could be made. Therefore, while the firsthand correspondent might have viewed the battle as a success, a review of the casualty numbers would show that the war was a catastrophe. This paper set out to review different accounts of the battle of Pozieres in order to highlight the similarities and differences between the firsthand accounts and those of later historians. The paper has shown that the various records of the war acknowledge the proficiency of the German forces and the devastative nature of German weaponry. However, there are various differences in the assessment of the war with contemporary observers focus ing on the bravery of the Australian soldiers and their success in the battle. On the other hand, historians acknowledge the fright experienced by the soldiers and the heavy casualties suffered. From the analysis carried out in this paper, it can be concluded that in general, contemporary observers had a positive assessment while historians had a negative assessment of Australian performance. Bibliography Bean, Charles, ‘The Australians: Battlefield Pictures’, Sydney Morning Herald, 28 July 1916, p.7. Bean, Charles, ‘The Australians: Fighting at Pozieres’, Sydney Morning Herald, 29 July 1916, p.13. Bean, Charles, ‘The Australians: Pozieres Battle: Bitter Night Attack’, Sydney Morning Herald, 2 August 1916, p.11. Blair, Dale, Dinkum Diggers: an Australian battalion at war, Melbourne, Melbourne University Press, 2001, pp. 100-2, 108-18. Charlton, Peter, Pozieres 1916: Australians on the Somme, Sydney, Methuen Haynes, 1986, pp. 132-8, 148-50. Jeff rey Grey, A Military History of Australia, 3rd edition, Melbourne, Cambridge University Press, 2008, pp. 101-111. Footnotes 1 D Blair, Dinkum Diggers: an Australian battalion at war, Melbourne, Melbourne University Press, 2001, p. 100. 2 C Bean, ‘The Australians: Battlefield Pictures’, Sydney Morning Herald, 28 July 1916, p.7. 3 J Grey, A Military History of Australia, 3rd edn, Melbourne, Cambridge University Press, 2008, p. 101. 4 Bean, The Australians: Battlefield Pictures, p.7. 5 P Charlton, Pozieres 1916: Australians on the Somme, Sydney, Methuen Haynes, 1986, p.148. 6 C Bean, ‘The Australians: Pozieres Battle: Bitter Night Attack’, Sydney Morning Herald, 2 August 1916, p.11. 7 Charlton, p.149. 8 Bean, The Australians: Battlefield Pictures, p.7. 9 Blair, p.111. 10 Charlton, p.134. 11 Bean, The Australians: Battlefield Pictures, p.7. 12 Blair, p.114. 13 C Bean, ‘The Australians: Fighting at Pozieres’, Sydney Morning Herald, 29 July 1916, p.1 3. 14 Charlton, p.138. 15 Bean, The Australians: Fighting at Pozieres, p.13. 16 Blair, p.115. This essay on The Western Front: First World War was written and submitted by user Shane Winters to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Building surveying Essays

Building surveying Essays Building surveying Essay Building surveying Essay A chartered building surveyor can work in the commercial, private, and public sectors. Some chartered building surveyors work for property owning clients and contractors. Building surveyors provide professional technical advice on land, property and construction for commercial companies and consultants, central and local government, and private individuals. Surveyors provide a wide range of services including the following: (Kibblewhite and Wilkinson) Managing design and construction Undertaking building surveys and measured surveys Analysing design and building defects Preparing strategies for asset management and property maintenance Preparing insurance valuations and claims Preparing strategic property advice covering land (including easements, licences and covenants etc), and landlord and tenant legislation Project management and development monitoring Miscellaneous services including accessibility and energy audits, specialist surveys (asbestos, damp etc), conservation advice and sustainability advice. In early days a tape, a level and a theodolite were the main instruments used in surveying. Tape was used for distance measurement. Level was used for measuring the height. Theodolite is used for horizontal and vertical angle measurement. In present days there are many advanced instruments are used in this field. A â€Å"total station† is modern equipment which is used in surveying. A theodolite, which contains an electronic distance measurement device, is called total station. It is an electronic device. A computer is used in total station. Some soft wares are also used in total station. There is no need of prism in a total station. It is fully robotic. It automatically records the data. There is no need of extra work. In present scenario a total station is used with some other surveying instruments. (National Cooperative Highway Research Program 40) Automatic Levels, Compasses Dumpy, Levels, Electronic Distance Meter, Horizon Automatic Levels, Horizon Electronic Distance Meter, Horizon Electronic Theodolite, Horizon Optical Theodolite, Laser Levels,Levelling Staves, and Optical Square are the some other surveying instruments. (Survey Instruments, 1997) Surveying is an exciting career. It is the mixer of outdoor and indoor work. Surveyors can run their own business or they can be employed by large companies. Job opportunities abound offering good pay and promotional opportunities. Demand of the Surveyors is very high in current position. For example there is very shortage of surveyors in Australia. In future this demand will increase. (Enemark) To become a professional surveyor you must complete a four year undergraduate degree in Surveying. Graduates can start on $50 60,000 p. a. depending on where they work and the type of work. A graduate can work with any private company or run his own business. Hence there are a lot of jobs in this field. (Enemark) VEscarmelle. â€Å"Building surveying. † July 2006. 30 Nov. 2008. www. savills. com/graduate/pdf/RICS_APC_Building_Surveying. pdf Adams, Richard. â€Å"The Role of Building Surveyors in a Free Market Environment. Sep. 1997. 30 Nov. 2008. www. tefma. com/infoservices/publications/newsletter_issues/news97_09. pdf. Kibblewhite, Thomas and Wilkinson, Sara J. â€Å"Building Surveying: A UK Phenomenon or a Profession with Genuine Global Appeal? † 22 May 2004. 30 Nov. 2008.

The Pros of Technological Devices for Education - EssaySupply.com

The Pros of Technological Devices for Education The Pros of Technological Devices for Education The computer was perhaps the one device that transformed classroom education in the 20th century. As the use computers continued to expand and continues to expand today, we continue to find new and exciting ways to deliver educational programming through a platform that both engages and excites students at all levels. Consider all that is now done with computers in typical educational environments: Computer-assisted instruction allows students to receive direct instruction in engaging ways and to practice skills using downloaded or â€Å"in the cloud† software. Entire curricula are now available online for students to engage in learning when they are not physically present in a classroom. This is available for students who are â€Å"home-schooled,† for students in alternative programs in which they complete coursework entirely online, and for students who wish to complete college coursework on flexible schedules that they need because of work or other obligations. Students use PC’s, laptops, and tablets to conduct research for reports, essays and papers Computers have enabled a variety of educational delivery options, with the obvious benefit being to the student who does not or cannot function in a regular classroom environment. Other Technological Devices That Have Impact We usually think of technology as only those things related to computers. However, there are other devices that either work with computers or are stand-alone objects that have enhanced educational delivery systems: No older teacher will ever state that s/he misses the old duplicating machine, with its purple ink and unpleasant odor. The copier has replaced all of that unpleasantness and provides clear copies that teachers may use in a huge number of ways. Printers. These devices are becoming more sophisticated every year, but the idea that one can phone, fax, make copies, and print out what has been typed into a computer, was just unheard of when printers were new on the market Interactive whiteboards. When images are projected on such a board, students may draw, write or manipulate the images themselves – a great teaching tool. Digital Projectors. Mounted on the ceiling and connected to a computer, these handy little devices can project anything from a computer screen directly onto a large whiteboard or other surface. The Pros of Technological Devices for Education of Handicapped Students Students with severe physical disabilities were traditionally taught at home or in very specialized environments, isolated from the mainstream of classrooms in which regular educational students were taught. Thanks to new assistive technology, however, these students can now participate in regular classrooms, and their lives have been significantly changed for the better. Here are just a few devices now available to handicapped student: Motorized wheel chairs and stair lifts allow wheelchair-bound students full access to the school physical environment. Specialized keyboards and mice for students with motor control difficulties are now in use in every public school in the country Students who are unable to use their hands for any fine motor skills now have digital dictation devices that will automatically type what they say. So, a paraplegic student need only say, â€Å"Write my essay for me,† dictate that essay and watch as it unfolds on the computer screen, complete with proper grammar and spelling. For the visually impaired student, audio textbooks are available directly from the publishers and can be accessed at any point in time. Computers can project enlarged text onto white boards for far easier reading. Technology has advanced education in wonderful ways. Students whose learning styles deviated from the traditional educational delivery structure now have those learning styles dignified; children, teens and adults who want alternative learning environments can be accommodated; students were physical disabilities can participate in a regular learning environment. And as rapidly as advances continue to be make, educational delivery will only get better.